It is proven that high blood pressure is the result of arteries' sclerosis and the cause of serious heart disease.People with increased indicators are diagnosed with high blood pressure.Due to the narrowing of the vessels that have lost elasticity, there is an increase in pressure in others.This slows blood circulation and increases the load on the heart.
Standard and pathology of blood pressure
Optimal blood pressure is the value of the tone of 120/80 mm.Rt. Art.Pressure is considered to be increased when arterial indicators stable the comfortable standard for humans by 10%.
The temporary fluctuation in blood pressure, the differences during the day are common.
| Hypertension step | Sistolic indicator (garden), MM.Rt. Art. | Diastolic indicator (dad), MM.Rt. Art. |
|---|---|---|
| Optimal blood pressure | 120 | 80 |
| Standard | From 120 to 130 | From 80 to 85 |
| Prevention | From 130 to 140 | From 85 to 90 |
| GB 1 step (gentle hypertension) | From 140 to 160 | From 90 to 100 |
| GB 2 steps (moderate) | From 160 to 180 | From 100 to 110 |
| GB 3 steps | More than 180 | More than 110 |
| Isag (isolated systolic hypertension | More than 140 | Less than 90 |
Why is a person dangerous in a person?
The initial symptoms of increased pressure: weakness, light dizziness, bad sleep, flies before the eyes are taken by a person for signs of fatigue, which determines the progression of hypertension without any medical care.
If you leave the situation without attention, the serious consequences of high pressure cannot be avoided, a person may wait:
- infarction;
- stroke;
- acute heart failure;
- pulmonary thromboembolia;
- stratification or difference in the aorta.
In the last stages of these diseases, a deadly result is possible.A particularly serious form of the disease is malignant hypertension.It is diagnosed in one of the two hundred patients, more often - men.The disease does not stop in any medication, drugs even aggravate the patient's condition.A person "burns" for six months due to complications.
Risk factors for hypertension
High blood pressure is closely linked to risk factors that can be individual or external (acquired).
| Individual risk factors | External provocation factors |
|---|---|
| Genetic predisposition: If both parents suffer from hypertension, the disease develops in children in more than 50% of cases (the risk of hypertension in children, whose parents had normal blood pressure - no more than 20%) | Food: a diet of an atherogenic profile with a large number of saturated fatty acids (sausages, smoked meats, cakes, chocolate, snacks), daily use of a large amount of salt (more than 5 g) |
| Age: increased pressure develops at 15% - aged 50 to 60, in 30% - from 60 to 70, 40% over 70 years | It is proven that it is nicotine that blood pressure increases: a stroke and a heart attack in smokers occurs 2 to 3 times more often than that of non-smokers |
| Paul: The prevalence of high blood pressure under 40 in men is much higher than in women, these differences are smoothed | Excessive coffee consumption every day is harmful to the tone of blood vessels, causing their spasm and automatically increasing the pressure |
| Obesity: dependence between body mass and blood pressure level is a straight line.The more 10 kg increase the systolic indicator from 2 to 3 units and diastolic-by 1-3. In fats, hypertension occurs 2 to 6 times more often (in 78% of men and 64% of women, high blood pressure is due to excess body weight), weight loss leads to a reduction in pressure |
The flexive causes of increased pressure are stress, overwork, repeated negative emotions, psycho-emotional overloads, mental overwork |
| Personal characteristics: easily excitable nervous system, ambitiosity, suspicion, dissatisfaction obtained, an indomitable desire for competition is the reasons why the pressure of too emotional people increase | A sedentary lifestyle: in hypodynamic people, the risk of high blood pressure is 25% higher than in physically active or formed fact (physical activity during work activity increases blood pressure and reduces rest) |
| Race: African-Americans, mainly women, fall to the risk group | Alcoholism - destroys the liver, violates metabolic processes, negatively affects the tone of blood vessels (toxins) |
People subject to hypertension must remind you of what pressure is still increasing, it is: irregular working day, night quarters, professional harmful, frequent climate change, time zones.
The main reasons for increasing blood pressure
In addition to the moments caused or in the background on which hypertension occurs, high pressure causes specific causes which can be physiological or pathological.
| Physiological | Pathological |
|---|---|
| Pregnancy | Brain injury of clouds |
| Take medication: NSAIDs, diuretics, narcotic substances, hormonal contraceptives | Disturbance of the function of the kidneys, the heart, the brain, the liver |
| Hormonal context fluctuations: puberty, menopause, menstruation | Somatic diseases, chronic infection households |
| Anatomical characteristics of the structure of the human body | VSD |
| Insomnia of all Genesis | Dyslipidemia and increase in content of the level of uric acid |
| Have elevators | Diabetes |
| Mété-sensitivity | Tumors |
| For a long time, not treated migraine | Thrombosis or vascular embolism |
| Sauna or heat bath | Osteochondrosis |
Symptoms and signs of high blood pressure
With increased pressure, a person begins to feel discomfort, the first signs of which become:
- Headache, feeling of pressing the temples with a hoop;
- The feeling that the head is "outdated";
- dizziness;
- noise in the ears, sparkling flies in front of the eyes;
- Unpleasant sensations behind the sternum;
- weakness;
- Sleep disorders.
These first symptoms of hypertension.A person takes an increase in blood pressure for overwork, fatigue.Without treatment, the condition gradually goes into limit or labile hypertension, which is characterized by pressure fluctuations, such as a pendulum.It occurs at different ages and maybe:
- youth;
- neurosis;
- menopause;
- alcohol;
- sporty;
- professional.
Its main characteristics are considered:
- Episodic increase in blood pressure from 140/90 to 160/95 (in the United States and in the European Union-from 130/85 to 140/90) and never beyond these borders;
- independent normalization of pressure without additional intervention;
- Lack of changes in the target organs: heart, kidneys, brain, bloody vessels;
- Symptomatic hypertension (secondary) excluded reliable.
The constantly high blood pressure left without attention will become the main cause of hypertension.It is characterized by the following symptoms:
- violation of visual acuity;
- Interruptions in the work of the heart with acute pain behind the sternum;
- The cheeks, the feeling of heat throughout the body;
- Cold limbs with partial loss of sensitivity, numbness;
- Narbating;
- fatigue, nervousness without cause;
- tachycardia;
- pulses in temples;
- transpiration or internal conversion;
- pallor;
- anxiety;
- A feeling of complete emptiness, helplessness;
- Premuroks, fainting;
- muscle cramps;
- Trembling of the arms and legs.
Increased pressure in pregnant women has its own special manifestations, it is:
- Strong deterioration in the well-being;
- pain at the back of the head;
- sailing before the eyes;
- noise in the ears;
- to vomit;
- high temperature;
- red face;
- nasal bleeding;
- Heaviness in the legs.
All of these signs or symptoms suggest tone tone and research a doctor.
What if the pressure has increased?
High pressure on the left without attention can cause deadly and non -deadly complications: cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular insufficiency, chronic kidney disease.
Consider what should be done at home if hell has increased:
- to help a person find a practical rest for relaxation (preferably half the sitting, on high pillows);
- Ensure complete peace (no sound, no irritating light, no movements);
- Open windows - oxygen flow;
- Prepare a hot foot bath and, when stabilizing the blood pressure number, lower the legs in it for 10 minutes, which will provide a blood out of the head, will improve well;
- With an increase in pressure, you can put a mustard on the back of the head or caviar for 5 to 15 minutes, make a compress of apple cider vinegar;
- Relax on a chair or a chair, straighten your back, breathe deep with your nose, exhale with your mouth (5 times);
- You can cut down high pressure on your back: during expiration, it is necessary to stop your breath for 2 seconds, which, in 5 minutes, normalizes the emotional background, reduces the blood pressure to 30 units, watch the video below;
- The massage of the acupuncture point under the lobe of the ear or a semi-centimeter towards the nose, as well as the points between the eyebrows, is possible in the nose.
Without a doctor, hoping only for himself, taking medication is unacceptable.
Drugs
They are prescribed by a doctor for chronic hypertension, when the pressure of 160/90 and superior, strictly individual, was in correlation with the cause of hypertension and the nature of its course.
| Drug groups | The action mechanism |
|---|---|
| Ace blockers | Inhibit vasoconstrictive enzymes |
| Diuretics | Excess of liquids eliminate, balancing the total volume of circulating blood |
| Calcium antagonists | Balance of calcium ions not associated with the proteins necessary for the normal functioning of myocardium |
| Beta-blockers | Reduce heart rate, blood pressure (cannot be used for diabetes and asthma) |
| Alpha blockers | Reduce early pressure |
| Vasodilators | Widen ships, remove spasms |
| Angiotensin-2 antagonists | Block kidney angiotensin, narrowing ships |
Possible complications
When the pressure increases, this implies dangerous body disorders:
- Arrhythmias of different genesis;
- tachycardia;
- Hypoxia, ischemia of tissues and organs;
- stenosis of the arteries, capillaries;
- violation of the synthesis of aldosterone with the development of edema, an increase in the total volume of circulating blood;
- reduction in kidney function;
- development of atherosclerosis;
Metabolism system mergers finally lead to acute conditions incompatible with life (heart attack, stroke, acute heart failure).
Prevention
The doctor will help establish an individual program for prevention of high pressure, the main events are as follows:
- Weight control (each + 1 kg increases blood pressure by a few units);
- balanced diet;
- rejection of bad habits;
- physical activity;
- Correct alternation of rest and work;
- good sleep;
- Positive mood every day.
The elderly recommended treatment for the organization of the sanatorium.